{ "_meta": { "jurisdiction_id": "GLOBAL", "schema_version": "world-payments-global-v1" }, "meta": { "schema_version": "world-payments-global-v1", "monitor_slug": "world-payments", "axis": "global" }, "provenance": { "last_run_id": "GLOBAL-20260909-COMPOSE-001", "last_run_type": "periodic", "last_run_jurisdiction": "GLOBAL", "run_started_at": "2026-09-09T23:22:51.714698+00:00", "run_completed_at": "2026-09-09T23:24:15.615118+00:00", "contributing_jurisdictions": [ "AE", "AFR", "AG", "APAC", "AR", "AT", "AU", "BD", "BE", "BG", "BR", "BZ", "CA", "CA-AB", "CA-BC", "CA-NB", "CA-ON", "CA-QC", "CH", "CI", "CL", "CM", "CN", "CO", "CR", "CW", "CY", "CZ", "DE", "DK", "DO", "DZ", "EC", "EE", "EEA", "EG", "ES", "FI", "FR", "GG-ALD", "GH", "GI", "GR", "HK", "HR", "HU", "ID", "IE", "IM", "IN", "IS", "IT", "JP", "KE", "KH", "KM", "KM-M", "KR", "KZ", "LA", "LATAM", "LI", "LK", "LT", "LU", "LV", "MA", "MH", "MM", "MO", "MT", "MX", "MY", "MZ", "NG", "NL", "NO", "NP", "NZ", "PA", "PE", "PH", "PK", "PL", "PT", "PW", "QA", "RO", "RS", "RU", "RW", "SA", "SE", "SG", "SI", "SK", "SN", "TH", "TN", "TR", "TW", "TZ", "UA", "UG", "UK", "US", "US-AK", "US-AL", "US-AR", "US-AZ", "US-CA", "US-CO", "US-CT", "US-DC", "US-DE", "US-FL", "US-GA", "US-HI", "US-IA", "US-ID", "US-IL", "US-IN", "US-KS", "US-KY", "US-LA", "US-MA", "US-MD", "US-ME", "US-MI", "US-MN", "US-MO", "US-MS", "US-MT", "US-NC", "US-ND", "US-NE", "US-NH", "US-NJ", "US-NM", "US-NV", "US-NY", "US-OH", "US-OK", "US-OR", "US-PA", "US-RI", "US-SC", "US-SD", "US-TN", "US-TX", "US-UT", "US-VA", "US-VT", "US-WA", "US-WI", "US-WV", "US-WY", "UY", "VE", "VN", "ZA", "ZM" ], "amendments_count": 2 }, "generated_at": "2026-09-08T12:00:00Z", "week_of": "2026-09-07", "summary": "Three structural currents dominate this week's global sweep: a wave of national money-stablecoin experiments moving from statute to operating rail, a hardening split between jurisdictions racing to open non-bank settlement access and those still gatekeeping it through bank sponsorship, and an intensifying enforcement cycle around crypto-kiosk fraud that is reshaping licensing perimeters on four continents simultaneously.\n\nThe stablecoin story is no longer confined to the United States and the EU. In the [UAE](/jurisdictions/ae/#sec-weekly-brief), Cabinet Resolution No. 176M/4M now lets the Ministry of Finance accept Aani and Jaywan for federal fees, while a new CBUAE Law under Article 62 pulls virtually any facilitator of payment technology into a licensing perimeter regardless of medium. [Kyrgyzstan-adjacent](/jurisdictions/kz/#sec-weekly-brief) Kazakhstan has moved its digital tenge from pilot to mandated budget-expenditure instrument, while [North Dakota](/jurisdictions/us-nd/#sec-weekly-brief)'s state-owned Bank of North Dakota is pushing Roughrider Coin toward a bank-to-bank settlement launch and [Wyoming](/jurisdictions/wy/#sec-weekly-brief)'s Frontier Stable Token has gone multichain across seven public networks. Chile's central bank, meanwhile, has committed to a first stablecoin regulatory proposal before year-end under its Fintec Law, and Nigeria's Zelle-owner-backed ZelleUSD is piloting a US-India remittance corridor. The throughline is that public and quasi-public institutions — central banks, state treasuries, national payment consortia — are now originating stablecoin infrastructure rather than merely regulating it, a reversal of the private-sector-led pattern that defined 2023-2024.\n\nSettlement-access liberalisation is the second current, and it is proceeding unevenly. The [Federal Reserve](/jurisdictions/us/#sec-weekly-brief)'s proposed \"Payment Account\" tier — a restricted, no-correspondent, no-discount-window settlement rail for nonbanks — sits alongside the Fed's parallel consideration of a domestic-clearing pause under its 2022 Account Access Guidelines, producing a genuinely two-track federal posture on nonbank access. In the EU, [Belgium](/jurisdictions/be/#sec-weekly-brief) and the wider [EEA](/jurisdictions/eea/#sec-weekly-brief) continue rolling out the October 2025 TARGET/TIPS access reform that let qualifying nonbank PSPs settle directly for the first time, while [Bulgaria](/jurisdictions/bg/#sec-weekly-brief) and [Poland](/jurisdictions/pl/#sec-weekly-brief) show the friction that trails behind: Bulgaria faces a compressed 1 January 2027 instant-payments deadline as a fast-tracked euro-area entrant, and Poland has missed its own 1 July 2026 MiCA competent-authority designation, leaving domestic crypto firms in a legal limbo the KNF itself concedes it cannot yet supervise. Latin America is moving the same direction from a different starting point: [Brazil](/jurisdictions/br/#sec-weekly-brief)'s Pix has now launched in Argentina — its first cross-border deployment — while [Colombia](/jurisdictions/co/#sec-weekly-brief)'s Bre-B has crossed 500 million transactions and 100 million registered keys within five months, and the wider [LATAM](/jurisdictions/latam/#sec-weekly-brief) picture shows Brazil tightening eFX authorisation even as it exports its own instant-payment rail. Africa's corridor integration is advancing on a parallel track: the Bank of Central African States has formally joined [PAPSS](/jurisdictions/afr/#sec-weekly-brief), extending pan-African local-currency settlement into the six-member CEMAC zone for the first time, even as commercial-bank connectivity continues to lag central-bank accession.\n\nThe third current — crypto-kiosk and virtual-currency-kiosk enforcement — is now a genuinely global regulatory reflex rather than a US state-level curiosity. It shows up this week in [Georgia](/jurisdictions/us-ga/#sec-weekly-brief) (a final DBF rulemaking on VC kiosk location reporting and mandatory fiat refunds), [Iowa](/jurisdictions/us-ia/#sec-weekly-brief) (SF2296's kiosk-specific licensing extension arriving alongside an OCC preemption ruling that lets nationally chartered banks bypass state licensing for the same activity), [West Virginia](/jurisdictions/us-wv/#sec-weekly-brief) (HB 5353 folding kiosks into money-transmission law with a 90-day licensing window), [Alabama](/jurisdictions/us-al/#sec-weekly-brief) (a Bitcoin Depot Chapter 11 filing triggering a state-run consumer-refund process for kiosk customers), and, at true baseline scale, [Bangladesh](/jurisdictions/bd/#sec-weekly-brief) and [Belize](/jurisdictions/bz/#sec-weekly-brief), where non-bank payment-institution licensing populations are growing even as resilience-reporting and safeguarding gaps remain unresolved. The common design failure regulators are converging on is the same everywhere: physical or app-based cash-to-crypto conversion points that sit outside conventional KYC friction have become the preferred vector for elder-fraud and romance-scam proceeds, and the policy response — daily transaction caps, mandatory blockchain-analytics screening, 24-72 hour holds, and fraud-refund guarantees — is now recognisably a single template being adopted independently across jurisdictions with no formal coordination between them.\n\nCutting across all three currents is a sharpening asymmetry between bank and non-bank payment-institution treatment that recurs in almost every jurisdiction reviewed this week. In [Iowa](/jurisdictions/us-ia/#sec-weekly-brief), the OCC's preemption ruling means a nationally chartered bank can now conduct virtual-currency transmission activity exempt from the very state licensing regime that a non-bank competitor must satisfy in full — a live, evidenced instance of regulatory arbitrage favouring bank charters. In [Georgia](/jurisdictions/us-ga/#sec-weekly-brief), Ohio, and a dozen other US states, kiosk and money-transmitter licensing continues to apply exclusively to non-bank operators. Internationally, the same pattern appears in reverse: in [Poland](/jurisdictions/pl/#sec-weekly-brief), it is domestic non-bank crypto firms who face criminal unlicensed-activity exposure because no competent authority yet exists to license them, while bank-affiliated payment activity proceeds unaffected. In [Belgium](/jurisdictions/be/#sec-weekly-brief) and the broader EEA, nonbank PSPs have only just gained TARGET/TIPS access that banks have held for decades. The direction of travel is toward parity — most reforms this week explicitly aim to narrow rather than widen the bank/nonbank gap — but the pace of that narrowing varies enormously by jurisdiction, and in the US specifically, federal preemption doctrine is currently working to widen it again just as several states move to close it.\n\nRegionally, Europe's story this week is convergence-with-friction: the EEA's harmonised settlement-access reform is real and operating, but national implementation gaps (Poland's MiCA authority vacuum, Bulgaria's compressed instant-payments runway) show that EU-level rulemaking continues to outpace member-state administrative capacity. The Americas show a bifurcated pattern between an innovation-led Latin America (Pix's Argentina expansion, Bre-B's scale, Brazil's simultaneous eFX tightening) and a fragmented, state-by-state United States where federal preemption, state kiosk crackdowns, and a still-undecided Federal Reserve settlement-access proposal are moving on independent and sometimes contradictory timelines. Asia-Pacific and the Gulf are the most institutionally assertive regions this week, with the UAE's Article 62 perimeter expansion and Kazakhstan's CBDC mandate signalling state-directed digital-money strategies advancing faster than most Western peers. Africa's PAPSS expansion into CEMAC is the clearest evidence of durable, member-driven infrastructure integration on the continent, tempered by the now-familiar caveat that commercial-bank onboarding continues to lag central-bank accession by a wide margin.\n\nLooking to the next cycle, five threads are worth tracking closely. First, whether the Federal Reserve resolves its two-track posture on the Payment Account proposal and the Account Access Guidelines pause into a single coherent nonbank-access policy, or lets the ambiguity persist. Second, whether Poland's MiCA authority gap is closed before further domestic crypto-asset service providers face the Article 143(3) enforcement cliff. Third, whether commercial-bank connectivity to PAPSS in the newly acceded CEMAC zone accelerates to match the pace of central-bank accession, the binding constraint on that corridor's practical utility. Fourth, whether the crypto-kiosk enforcement template — now visible independently in at least six US states and multiple non-US jurisdictions — begins to coordinate into shared standards, or continues as parallel, jurisdiction-specific tightening. And fifth, whether any of the current wave of state-and-central-bank-originated stablecoins (Roughrider Coin, Frontier Stable Token, ZelleUSD, Kazakhstan's digital tenge, Chile's forthcoming proposal) reaches meaningful transaction volume, which would mark the first real-world test of whether public-sector-originated digital money can compete with private stablecoin incumbents on usability rather than mandate alone.", "cited_jids": [ { "jid": "AE", "weekly_brief_anchor": "/jurisdictions/ae/#sec-weekly-brief", "summary_excerpt": "Cabinet Resolution No. 176M/4M authorises the UAE Ministry of Finance to accept Aani and Jaywan for federal service fees and fines, the first federal entity to do so; Aani can settle up to AED 50,000 per transaction in under 10 seconds. The New CBUAE Law's Article 62 requires licensing of any person who carries on, offers, issues or facilitates a Licensed Financial Activity regardless of medium or technology, a CRITICAL-impact perimeter expansion. Aani has surpassed 12.5 million registered users across 74 licensed institutions, with transfer volumes up sixfold year-on-year." }, { "jid": "US", "weekly_brief_anchor": "/jurisdictions/us/#sec-weekly-brief", "summary_excerpt": "The Federal Reserve's proposed 'Payment Account' tier would give nonbanks restricted Fedwire, FedNow and NSS access without correspondent-banking or discount-window privileges, capped at a $1bn closing-balance limit, while the Fed separately weighs pausing Tier 2/3 account-access decisions under its 2022 Guidelines. The GENIUS Act's federal stablecoin framework remains in rulemaking, with OCC and FDIC proposed rules not yet finalised as of mid-2026, and Regulation II's debit-interchange standard remains subject to a stayed vacatur pending Fed appeal." }, { "jid": "PL", "weekly_brief_anchor": "/jurisdictions/pl/#sec-weekly-brief", "summary_excerpt": "Poland missed its 1 July 2026 deadline to designate a national MiCA competent authority; KNF confirms it still lacks formal powers, operating only under limited cross-border-notification provisions, with the enabling Act on the crypto-assets market unenacted. Domestic entities risk losing the ability to provide crypto-asset services under Article 143(3) absent authorisation, since the transitional deadline cannot be extended nationally. Poland's jurisdiction-level regulatory risk has moved to an elevated tier with a tightening trajectory." }, { "jid": "BR", "weekly_brief_anchor": "/jurisdictions/br/#sec-weekly-brief", "summary_excerpt": "Banco do Brasil launched Pix in Argentina in March 2026, its first international deployment, with the rail now usable across Argentina, Uruguay, Colombia, Chile and Paraguay. Simultaneously, BCB Resolution 561 restricts eFX activity to defined BCB-authorised institution types effective 1 October 2026, tightening cross-border settlement even as Pix itself expands abroad — a regulator liberalising one rail while tightening another in the same cycle." }, { "jid": "CO", "weekly_brief_anchor": "/jurisdictions/co/#sec-weekly-brief", "summary_excerpt": "Colombia's Bre-B instant-payment scheme has processed more than 500 million transactions and registered over 100 million payment keys within roughly five months of full interoperability, one of the fastest-scaling national interoperable payment infrastructures observed globally. Banco de la República has responded to that scale by tightening conduct rules, requiring clearer, more timely disclosure of technological-failure origins and strengthened user-notification protocols." }, { "jid": "AFR", "weekly_brief_anchor": "/jurisdictions/afr/#sec-weekly-brief", "summary_excerpt": "The Bank of Central African States officially joined the Pan-African Payment and Settlement System on 9 July 2026, the first direct CEMAC-wide accession, opening PAPSS access to Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea and Chad. Central-bank membership growth continues to outpace commercial-bank connectivity, with Tunisia, Comoros, Uganda and Egypt still in onboarding — the binding constraint on the corridor's practical settlement volume." }, { "jid": "US-IA", "weekly_brief_anchor": "/jurisdictions/us-ia/#sec-weekly-brief", "summary_excerpt": "Iowa's Senate File 2296 extends money-transmission licensing to crypto-kiosk operators just as the OCC confirmed, via Fidelity Digital Assets' bank-charter conversion, that National Bank Act preemption exempts nationally chartered banks from state money-transmitter licensing for identical virtual-currency-transmission activity — creating a genuine bank-versus-nonbank cost and complexity asymmetry for the same underlying activity in a single state." }, { "jid": "US-GA", "weekly_brief_anchor": "/jurisdictions/us-ga/#sec-weekly-brief", "summary_excerpt": "Georgia's Department of Banking and Finance finalised a rule package requiring virtual-currency kiosk operators to file quarterly location reports via NMLS, pay consumer refunds owed under statute exclusively in fiat currency, and maintain a contractual relationship with a third-party blockchain-analysis firm — importing a private due-diligence layer onto every licensed kiosk operator in the state." }, { "jid": "US-WV", "weekly_brief_anchor": "/jurisdictions/us-wv/#sec-weekly-brief", "summary_excerpt": "West Virginia's HB 5353 folds virtual-currency kiosk operation into its Chapter 32A money-transmission licensing regime, requiring existing operators to obtain NMLS licensure within 90 days of the effective date, closing a prior nonbank market-access gap. Separately, SB 670 makes West Virginia the third US state to recognise decentralized unincorporated nonprofit associations as a legal entity form for DAO treasury and settlement rails." }, { "jid": "US-AL", "weekly_brief_anchor": "/jurisdictions/us-al/#sec-weekly-brief", "summary_excerpt": "Bitcoin Depot Operating LLC, a nationwide crypto-kiosk operator holding an Alabama money transmitter licence, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy and ceased Alabama operations; the Alabama Securities Department confirmed the filing and opened a state-run consumer refund process, identifying 19 Alabama consumers owed a combined pending recovery under the Uniform Money Services Act and the state's 2025 kiosk-specific Act 557." }, { "jid": "KZ", "weekly_brief_anchor": "/jurisdictions/kz/#sec-weekly-brief", "summary_excerpt": "The digital tenge received formal legal status as the third recognised form of Kazakhstan's national currency, and the government has reportedly mandated digital-tenge use for eight categories of budget expenditure exceeding 100 million tenge, effective from August 2026 — moving the instrument decisively from experimental pilot to mandated operational status within a single cycle, alongside a new nationwide Interbank Mobile Payment System." }, { "jid": "US-ND", "weekly_brief_anchor": "/jurisdictions/us-nd/#sec-weekly-brief", "summary_excerpt": "North Dakota's state-owned Bank of North Dakota advanced its Roughrider Coin stablecoin pilot after the state Industrial Commission approved a bank-to-bank use case, with ten local banks expressing pilot interest and launch targeted later in 2026 — positioning Bank of North Dakota as the first US state-affiliated stablecoin issuer." }, { "jid": "WY", "weekly_brief_anchor": "/jurisdictions/wy/#sec-weekly-brief", "summary_excerpt": "Wyoming's Frontier Stable Token (FRNT), the first fiat-backed, fully-reserved stablecoin issued by a US public entity, is now deployed as a unified token contract across seven public blockchains bridged via LayerZero and Stargate — the first US state operating a public-entity stablecoin at production, multichain scale, with Nebraska reported to be developing a comparable legislatively approved product." }, { "jid": "BE", "weekly_brief_anchor": "/jurisdictions/be/#sec-weekly-brief", "summary_excerpt": "New Belgian legislation strengthens the National Bank of Belgium's statutory oversight powers over financial-messaging service providers such as Swift, exercised in cooperation with other G10 central banks, reinforcing correspondent-banking supervision even as the underlying bank/nonbank access asymmetry — banks retaining direct scheme access while nonbank PI/EMIs depend on intermediated relationships — persists structurally." }, { "jid": "BG", "weekly_brief_anchor": "/jurisdictions/bg/#sec-weekly-brief", "summary_excerpt": "Bulgaria's 1 January 2026 euro adoption completed euro-area national-central-bank status via TARGET2, TIPS and T2S, but because Bulgaria adopted the euro before the SEPA Instant Payments Regulation's 9 April 2027 cut-off, Bulgarian PSPs face a compressed 1 January 2027 deadline to meet instant-transfer, equal-charges and Verification-of-Payee obligations — a materially shorter runway than later euro-area entrants." } ], "corridors": { "corridor_count": 30, "source_jids": [ "AG", "BZ", "CI", "ES", "GG-ALD", "GI", "GIB", "GR", "KE", "KH", "KM", "KM-M", "LATAM", "LT", "MH", "MX", "MY", "NO", "PL", "PW", "RW", "SG", "TH", "TN", "VN" ], "enriched_at": "2026-09-09T23:55:06Z", "enriched_by": "build_wpm_corridors_aggregate.py --enrich-global", "corridors": [ { "corridor": "AG-CARICOM", "trajectory": "improving", "key_development": "CAPSS pilot expansion positions AG for participation in a regional real-time local-currency settlement rail, reducing correspondent-bank reliance.", "confidence": "High", "access_direction": "opening", "source_jid": "AG", "link": "/jurisdictions/ag/#sec-corridors", "source_label": "Antigua and Barbuda" }, { "corridor": "US-AG", "trajectory": "stable", "key_development": "New 1% US remittance excise tax (effective 1 Jan 2026) reported inapplicable to digital-wallet transfers, limiting corridor disruption.", "confidence": "Assessed", "access_direction": "stable", "source_jid": "AG", "link": "/jurisdictions/ag/#sec-corridors", "source_label": "Antigua and Barbuda" }, { "corridor": "BZ-US", "trajectory": "uncertain", "key_development": "USD correspondent-banking corridor remains functional sector-wide but continues under de-risking pressure with uncertain relationship longevity.", "confidence": "High", "access_direction": "uncertain", "source_jid": "BZ", "link": "/jurisdictions/bz/#sec-corridors", "source_label": "Belize" }, { "corridor": "UEMOA-domestic (STAR-UEMOA/SICA-UEMOA/PI-SPI)", "trajectory": "established", "key_development": "PI-SPI mandatory interoperability deadline of 30 June 2026 consolidates the region's instant-payment corridor architecture.", "confidence": "Confirmed", "access_direction": "opening", "source_jid": "CI", "link": "/jurisdictions/ci/#sec-corridors", "source_label": "Ivory Coast / UEMOA (Bloc)" }, { "corridor": "ES-domestic-SCT-Inst", "trajectory": "material_change", "key_development": "Now binding under EU Instant Payments Regulation 2024/886.", "confidence": "Assessed", "access_direction": "stable", "source_jid": "ES", "link": "/jurisdictions/es/#sec-corridors", "source_label": "Spain" }, { "corridor": "GG-EU", "access_direction": "stable", "trajectory": "established", "key_development": "Direct SEPA scheme access since 1 May 2016 for EUR credit transfers/direct debits.", "confidence": "Confirmed", "source_jid": "GG-ALD", "link": "/jurisdictions/gg-ald/#sec-corridors", "source_label": "Guernsey — Alderney" }, { "corridor": "UK-GG", "access_direction": "stable", "trajectory": "established", "key_development": "Sterling settlement into UK clearing via correspondent banking relationships; no direct GG membership of UK sterling infrastructure.", "confidence": "Assessed", "source_jid": "GG-ALD", "link": "/jurisdictions/gg-ald/#sec-corridors", "source_label": "Guernsey — Alderney" }, { "corridor": "UK-GI", "trajectory": "stable", "key_development": "Transitional passporting extended to 31 December 2026 pending permanent GAR.", "confidence": "High", "access_direction": "stable", "source_jid": "GI", "link": "/jurisdictions/gi/#sec-corridors", "source_label": "Gibraltar" }, { "corridor": "UK-GIB", "trajectory": "stable pending permanent GAR", "key_development": "Transitional passporting extended to 31 December 2026; permanent GAR framework not yet operable.", "confidence": "Assessed", "access_direction": "stable", "source_jid": "GIB", "link": "/jurisdictions/gib/#sec-corridors" }, { "corridor": "GR-ES-PT-IT", "trajectory": "opening", "key_development": "DIAS/IRIS joined EuroPA network, enabling cross-border instant payments with Spain, Portugal and Italy from June 2025.", "confidence": "Confirmed", "access_direction": "opening", "source_jid": "GR", "link": "/jurisdictions/gr/#sec-corridors", "source_label": "Greece" }, { "corridor": "KE-EAC (EAPS)", "trajectory": "stable", "key_development": "EAPS integrates with KEPSS for cross-border EAC-currency transfers with Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda during business hours.", "confidence": "Uncertain", "access_direction": "stable", "source_jid": "KE", "link": "/jurisdictions/ke/#sec-corridors", "source_label": "Kenya" }, { "corridor": "KH-Global-UnionPay", "trajectory": "opening", "key_development": "Phase II Bakong Outward Cross-Border Payment via UnionPay QR launched 10 Mar 2026.", "confidence": "Confirmed", "access_direction": "opening", "source_jid": "KH", "link": "/jurisdictions/kh/#sec-corridors", "source_label": "Cambodia" }, { "corridor": "FR-KM", "trajectory": "stable", "key_development": "Remittance costs remain elevated (approx. 3.5%-9%) on the France-Comoros corridor despite growing digital-inclusion infrastructure.", "confidence": "High", "access_direction": "stable", "source_jid": "KM", "link": "/jurisdictions/km/#sec-corridors", "source_label": "Comoros" }, { "corridor": "FR-KM", "trajectory": "stable", "key_development": "France-Comoros remains the dominant diaspora remittance corridor, mediated by banks/MFIs/MTOs (Western Union, MoneyGram, MCTV).", "confidence": "High", "access_direction": "stable", "source_jid": "KM-M", "link": "/jurisdictions/km-m/#sec-corridors", "source_label": "Comoros — Mohéli (Mwali)" }, { "corridor": "KM-PAPSS", "trajectory": "improving", "key_development": "BCC commenced PAPSS integration, opening a direct KMF-denominated settlement route to other African markets, conditional on commercial-bank onboarding.", "confidence": "High", "access_direction": "opening", "source_jid": "KM-M", "link": "/jurisdictions/km-m/#sec-corridors", "source_label": "Comoros — Mohéli (Mwali)" }, { "corridor": "BR-AR", "trajectory": "opening", "key_development": "Banco do Brasil launched Pix in Argentina (March 2026), Pix's first international deployment.", "confidence": "Probable", "access_direction": "opening", "source_jid": "LATAM", "link": "/jurisdictions/latam/#sec-corridors", "source_label": "Latin America" }, { "corridor": "BR-LATAM", "trajectory": "opening", "key_development": "Pix now usable across Argentina, Uruguay, Colombia, Chile and Paraguay; BCB exploring cross-border Pix connectivity to other instant-payment hubs.", "confidence": "Probable", "access_direction": "opening", "source_jid": "LATAM", "link": "/jurisdictions/latam/#sec-corridors", "source_label": "Latin America" }, { "corridor": "LT-EEA", "trajectory": "opening", "key_development": "CENTROlink growth and non-bank TARGET access strengthen LT's SEPA/EEA corridor role.", "confidence": "High", "access_direction": "opening", "source_jid": "LT", "link": "/jurisdictions/lt/#sec-corridors", "source_label": "Lithuania" }, { "corridor": "US-MH", "trajectory": "watch", "key_development": "USD corridor dependent on a single correspondent relationship (First Hawaiian Bank); remittance costs ~10% of Pacific-corridor average; USDM1/Lomalo piloted as alternative settlement channel.", "confidence": "High", "access_direction": "uncertain", "source_jid": "MH", "link": "/jurisdictions/mh/#sec-corridors", "source_label": "Marshall Islands" }, { "corridor": "US-MX", "trajectory": "worsening", "key_development": "FinCEN special measures restrict US-MX fund transmittals via three designated institutions.", "confidence": "High", "access_direction": "closing", "source_jid": "MX", "link": "/jurisdictions/mx/#sec-corridors", "source_label": "Mexico" }, { "corridor": "MY-KH", "trajectory": "opening", "key_development": "Malaysia-Cambodia cross-border QR linkage Phase 2 went live in 2025.", "confidence": "Probable", "access_direction": "opening", "source_jid": "MY", "link": "/jurisdictions/my/#sec-corridors", "source_label": "Malaysia" }, { "corridor": "NO-EEA", "trajectory": "opening", "key_development": "TIPS integration and T2 investigation aim to reduce the FX-conversion friction currently required for NOK-EUR instant transfers.", "confidence": "Probable", "access_direction": "opening", "source_jid": "NO", "link": "/jurisdictions/no/#sec-corridors", "source_label": "Norway" }, { "corridor": "PL-SK", "trajectory": "opening", "key_development": "BLIK's first live Slovak ecommerce integration via Tatry Mountain Resorts marks the initial practical step of its announced cross-border expansion.", "confidence": "Assessed", "access_direction": "opening", "source_jid": "PL", "link": "/jurisdictions/pl/#sec-corridors", "source_label": "Poland" }, { "corridor": "PW-US", "trajectory": "stable", "key_development": "COFA/USD linkage and correspondent banking via three US bank branches anchor Palau's corridor access; outward remittance dominance is unusual for Pacific Island Countries.", "confidence": "High", "access_direction": "stable", "source_jid": "PW", "link": "/jurisdictions/pw/#sec-corridors", "source_label": "Palau" }, { "corridor": "RW-domestic", "trajectory": "opening", "key_development": "eKash unifies all four domestic retail-payment rails (account-to-account, account-to-wallet, wallet-to-account, wallet-to-wallet) into a single interoperable national system.", "confidence": "Confirmed", "access_direction": "opening", "source_jid": "RW", "link": "/jurisdictions/rw/#sec-corridors", "source_label": "Rwanda" }, { "corridor": "SG-multilateral (Project Nexus)", "trajectory": "opening", "key_development": "Project Nexus hub-and-spoke model on track for 2026 rollout.", "confidence": "Assessed", "access_direction": "opening", "source_jid": "SG", "link": "/jurisdictions/sg/#sec-corridors", "source_label": "Singapore" }, { "corridor": "TH-CN", "trajectory": "closing", "key_development": "~5,000 accounts suspended Feb 2025-May 2026 for P2P RMB payment activity; baht-only settlement mandated.", "confidence": "Assessed", "access_direction": "closing", "source_jid": "TH", "link": "/jurisdictions/th/#sec-corridors", "source_label": "Thailand" }, { "corridor": "TN-diaspora-outbound", "trajectory": "stable", "key_development": "PAPSS accession and ISO 20022 migration partially mitigate de-risking pressure on outbound remittance corridors.", "confidence": "Assessed", "access_direction": "stable", "source_jid": "TN", "link": "/jurisdictions/tn/#sec-corridors", "source_label": "Tunisia" }, { "corridor": "VN-CN", "trajectory": "opening", "key_development": "NAPAS completed QR connectivity with all three major Chinese platforms (UnionPay, Alipay, Weixin Pay).", "confidence": "High", "access_direction": "opening", "source_jid": "VN", "link": "/jurisdictions/vn/#sec-corridors", "source_label": "Vietnam" }, { "corridor": "VN-SG", "trajectory": "opening", "key_development": "Vietnam-Singapore cross-border QR payment service launched; outbound leg planned.", "confidence": "High", "access_direction": "opening", "source_jid": "VN", "link": "/jurisdictions/vn/#sec-corridors", "source_label": "Vietnam" } ] } }