United States — Washington (US-WA)

Updated 5 Jul 2026Schema world-payments-v1Baseline wpm-2026-07-05

Lead Signal

Washington's Department of Financial Institutions closed two virtual-currency enforcement actions within a four-month window and co-led an $80 million multistate settlement this cycle. DFI issued a Temporary Order to Cease and Desist and a Statement of Charges against Coinme in November 2025 for allegedly claiming more than $8 million owed to consumers as income through a virtual-currency-kiosk voucher system. A Consent Order finalised 23 December 2025 required Coinme to cease the violations and segregate Washington customer assets in secure accounts. On 9 February 2026, DFI entered a further consent order against CoinZoom, Inc., barring the firm from the Washington industry for three years and imposing a $150,000 civil penalty, with $50,000 stayed to February 2029, plus a $4,170 investigation fee. Washington DFI also co-led an $80 million multistate Bank Secrecy Act and anti-money-laundering settlement against Block, Inc.'s Cash App, joining regulators from 47 states in total.

The GENIUS Act, the federal payment-stablecoin statute, was enacted 18 July 2025 but remains in the rulemaking phase and is not yet operative, with an effective date set for the earlier of 18 January 2027 or 120 days after final implementing regulations. As of mid-2026 only proposed rules from the OCC, FDIC and FinCEN/OFAC have been issued, so the Act is not yet operative for issuers touching Washington. A widely circulated vendor claim attributing a Section 404 stablecoin-interest ban to Washington DFI is a misattribution, since Section 404 is in fact a provision of the pending, unenacted federal CLARITY Act rather than codified Washington law.

Outlook

Three milestones sit on the horizon: the GENIUS Act becomes operative no later than 18 January 2027, Remitly's bank-partnered consumer line of credit is expected in the second quarter of 2026, and CoinZoom's three-year Washington industry bar together with its stayed penalty contingency runs to February 2029. Taken together, Washington's payments environment this cycle reads as one of active, enforcement-led tightening around virtual-currency activity, proceeding independently of the still-pending federal stablecoin rulemaking timeline. DFI also participates in the Multistate MSB Licensing Agreement via NMLS and requires Reg E-compliant error-resolution procedures from its money transmitter licensees.

Confidence
High

Other Developments

Washington regulates all non-bank money transmission, currency exchange and virtual-currency activity under one Money Transmitter/Currency Exchanger licence, with no separate EMI or PI category as found in EU and UK frameworks. Licensees must maintain tangible net worth scaled from $10,000 up to $3 million based on transmission volume, and a surety bond scaled from $10,000 up to a $550,000 ceiling.

Each licensee must designate a US-based Responsible Individual accountable for compliance, transmit customer funds within ten business days of receipt, and honour refund requests within the same window under RCW 19.230.330. Seattle-headquartered Remitly operates a network spanning more than 5,100 corridors, and its fully digital transfers are exempt from the new 1% federal remittance excise tax that took effect 1 January 2026.

Remitly launched a $9.99-per-month membership called Remitly One on 9 September 2025, and plans a Spring 2026 consumer line of credit delivered through bank partner Lead Bank under Visa U.S.A. licensing.

Only a handful of state banks and credit unions, including O Bee, Numerica and Salal, bank most Washington cannabis retailers given marijuana's federal Schedule I status, while WAC 314-55-115 requires cannabis money-transmitter payments to be initiated within one business day of delivery and paid within five business days.

A bill to ban interchange fees, SB 5070, has been dormant in committee since February 2025, and Washington has no state-specific mandatory reimbursement scheme for authorised-push-payment fraud comparable to the UK's PSR rules.

DFI examines money transmitter licensees on an approximately six-to-twenty-four-month risk-based cycle and requires BSA-qualifying licensees to maintain an effective anti-money-laundering programme, while a dual state and federal charter system continues to govern Washington's depository sector alongside a dense, venture-backed Seattle fintech cluster. Seattle-based OpenCFO, founded by former CrowdStrike and Bloomberg engineers, raised $2 million in seed funding announced 16 March 2026 to automate accounts-payable, accounts-receivable, and treasury functions for mid-sized companies.

Cross-Monitor Connections

The $80 million Block/Cash App settlement and the illicit-finance rulemaking accompanying GENIUS Act implementation carry anti-money-laundering significance that sits outside this monitor's scope and is flagged to the Financial Intelligence Monitor; Washington's AML/CFT module here is seeded from a single Sentinel-pending item pending full feed integration.

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14 regulatory modules · click to expand the full sub-brief
W1a

Licensing, Authorisation & Market Access

Confirmed

Washington regulates all non-bank money transmission, currency exchange and virtual-currency business activity under a single Money Transmitter/Currency Exchanger licence issued under RCW 19.230 and WAC 208-690, administered through NMLS — there is no separate EMI/PI licence category as found in EU/UK regimes.

W2

Stablecoins & Digital Money

High

Washington has treated virtual currency, including stablecoins, as money transmission since 2017 amendments to RCW 19.230 brought virtual-currency receipt-for-transmission within the statutory definition, with 2018 rule amendments exempting 'virtual currency storage' from licensing where the storer lacks unilateral transmission ability.

W7

Legal & Litigation

Confirmed

Washington's Department of Financial Institutions closed two virtual-currency money-transmitter enforcement actions within a four-month window: a Temporary Order to Cease and Desist and 23 December 2025 Consent Order against Coinme over more than $8 million allegedly improperly claimed as income from consumers via a kiosk voucher system, and a 9 February 2026 consent order against CoinZoom, Inc.

W1b

Conduct, Safeguarding & Promotions

Confirmed

Each Washington money transmitter licensee must designate a Responsible Individual — a US citizen or lawfully authorised worker employed as a W-2 employee — who is accountable for state and federal compliance under WAC 208-690-014(2).

W3

Operational Resilience & Critical Infrastructure

High

WAC 208-690 imposes cybersecurity, business-continuity and five-year recordkeeping expectations — transaction logs, customer communications and audit trails — enforced through periodic DFI examination on a risk-based cycle of roughly six to twenty-four months, alongside a requirement that BSA-qualifying licensees maintain an effective anti-money-laundering program and records under 31 CFR Part 103.

W4

Scheme & Network Compliance

Assessed

Washington imposes no state-specific surcharge cap beyond federal and card-network rules: credit-card surcharging is legal subject to Visa, Mastercard, Amex and Discover ceilings, while debit-card surcharging remains illegal nationwide under the Durbin Amendment.

+ 8 more domains — W5 Payment Corridor Dynamics, W6 Industry Structure & Commercial, W8 Merchant Acquiring & Risk, W9 Product Innovation & Market Development, W10 Consumer Protection & APP Fraud, W11 AML/CFT & Financial Crime (Sentinel.gi-fed), W12 Correspondent Banking, Settlement & Access, W13 Commercial Intelligence (M&A, Investment & Product).
Full per-domain detail — all 14 modules

W1aConfirmedLicensing, Authorisation & Market Access

see this theme across all jurisdictions →6 claims

Washington State regulates money transmission and currency exchange under the Uniform Money Services Act (RCW 19.230) and implementing rules at WAC 208-690, administered by DFI's Division of Consumer Services. No separate EMI/PI licence category; a single Money Transmitter/Currency Exchanger licence applies, via NMLS, with volume-scaled tangible-net-worth and surety-bond requirements.

No periodic updates yet · baseline brief is current.

Read the full sub-brief

Licensing, Authorisation & Market Access

Washington regulates all non-bank money transmission, currency exchange and virtual-currency business activity under a single Money Transmitter/Currency Exchanger licence issued under RCW 19.230 and WAC 208-690, administered through NMLS — there is no separate EMI/PI licence category as found in EU/UK regimes. Licensees must scale tangible net worth to $10,000 per $1 million of company-wide transmission volume, with a floor of $10,000 and a ceiling of $3 million (rising to a $100,000 minimum where virtual-currency storage is offered), and must post a surety bond of $10,000 per $1 million of volume, capped at $550,000. The Department of Financial Institutions participates in the Multistate MSB Licensing Agreement via NMLS; authorized delegates must be physically located in Washington absent prior director approval, and licences are perpetual subject to annual assessment and attestation.

Outlook

This single-category architecture is the foundational fact governing US market access for Washington-domiciled and Washington-serving payment firms, applying uniformly whether an applicant is a traditional remittance business or a virtual-currency platform. No legislative move toward a bank/non-bank or EMI/PI-style split is evident this cycle; the structure should be read as durable rather than transitional, and any new entrant's licensing runway should be planned around NMLS/MMLA multistate timelines rather than a Washington-specific track.

W1aLicensing, Authorisation & Market AccessConfirmed
Washington State regulates money transmission and currency exchange under the Uniform Money Services Act (RCW 19.230) and implementing rules at WAC 208-690, administered by DFI's Division of Consumer Services. No separate EMI/PI licence category; a single Money Transmitter/Currency Exchanger licence applies, via NMLS, with volume-scaled tangible-net-worth and surety-bond requirements.
all · compliance · analyst · board
Evidence 6 claims ›

W2HighStablecoins & Digital Money

see this theme across all jurisdictions →5 claims

Washington treats virtual currency (including stablecoins) as money transmission under 2017 RCW 19.230 amendments, layering a state licensing/custody regime atop the federal GENIUS Act (enacted 18 Jul 2025 but NOT YET OPERATIVE pending final implementing regulations, expected no later than 18 Jan 2027). A vendor claim attributing a 'Section 404' stablecoin-interest ban to Washington DFI is a misattribution; Section 404 is a provision of the pending, unenacted federal CLARITY Act. DFI has taken high-profile enforcement action (Coinme, CoinZoom) against non-compliant virtual-currency MSBs.

No periodic updates yet · baseline brief is current.

Read the full sub-brief

Stablecoins & Digital Money

Washington has treated virtual currency, including stablecoins, as money transmission since 2017 amendments to RCW 19.230 brought virtual-currency receipt-for-transmission within the statutory definition, with 2018 rule amendments exempting 'virtual currency storage' from licensing where the storer lacks unilateral transmission ability. The federal GENIUS Act was enacted on 18 July 2025 but remains not yet operative — its effective date is the earlier of eighteen months post-enactment (18 January 2027) or 120 days after final implementing regulations, and only proposed rules from the OCC, FDIC and FinCEN/OFAC have issued as of mid-2026. A vendor claim attributing a Washington-specific 'Section 404' stablecoin-interest ban to DFI is a misattribution: Section 404 is a provision of the pending, unenacted federal CLARITY Act, not codified Washington policy, and no primary DFI source corroborates related vendor claims of mandated staking opt-in or universal proof-of-reserves requirements. DFI's November 2025 enforcement action against Coinme, resolved via a 23 December 2025 Consent Order, required cessation of violations and segregation of Washington customer assets in secure accounts.

Outlook

The operative gap between GENIUS Act enactment and its actual effective date is the single most consequential fact for any Washington-touching stablecoin issuer to track through the remainder of 2026; treating the Act as currently binding materially overstates present obligations. The corrected record on 'Section 404' should also be carried forward: it is federal and pending, not Washington law, and should not be cited as a state compliance requirement.

W2Stablecoins & Digital MoneyHigh
Washington treats virtual currency (including stablecoins) as money transmission under 2017 RCW 19.230 amendments, layering a state licensing/custody regime atop the federal GENIUS Act (enacted 18 Jul 2025 but NOT YET OPERATIVE pending final implementing regulations, expected no later than 18 Jan 2027). A vendor claim attributing a 'Section 404' stablecoin-interest ban to Washington DFI is a misattribution; Section 404 is a provision of the pending, unenacted federal CLARITY Act. DFI has taken high-profile enforcement action (Coinme, CoinZoom) against non-compliant virtual-currency MSBs.
all · compliance · analyst · board
Evidence 5 claims ›

W7ConfirmedLegal & Litigation

see this theme across all jurisdictions →4 claims

DFI has been an active enforcer against non-compliant money transmitters, with two major virtual-currency-kiosk/MSB enforcement actions resolved late 2025/early 2026 (Coinme, CoinZoom) and a January 2025 multistate $80m BSA/AML settlement with Block, Inc./Cash App co-led by Washington, alongside routine mortgage-sector consent orders.

No periodic updates yet · baseline brief is current.

Read the full sub-brief

Legal & Litigation

Washington's Department of Financial Institutions closed two virtual-currency money-transmitter enforcement actions within a four-month window: a Temporary Order to Cease and Desist and 23 December 2025 Consent Order against Coinme over more than $8 million allegedly improperly claimed as income from consumers via a kiosk voucher system, and a 9 February 2026 consent order against CoinZoom, Inc. requiring surrender of its licence and a three-year industry bar with a $150,000 civil penalty, of which $50,000 is stayed to February 2029 contingent on compliance. DFI also co-led, alongside regulators in Arkansas, California, Florida, Maine, Massachusetts, Texas and 47 states in total, an $80 million multistate BSA/AML settlement against Block, Inc. over Cash App, with a nine-month compliance-reporting deadline and twelve months to remediate underlying findings. A separate 5 November 2025 consent order addressed Mortgage Broker Practices Act and Consumer Loan Act violations at a Washington mortgage broker, with a $60,000 civil penalty.

Outlook

Three enforcement actions concentrated in roughly a twelve-month window mark a distinct escalation in DFI's posture toward virtual-currency MSBs specifically, rather than routine baseline enforcement texture; expect continued scrutiny of the sector through the Block remediation window and the CoinZoom compliance-contingency period running to February 2029.

W7Legal & LitigationConfirmed
DFI has been an active enforcer against non-compliant money transmitters, with two major virtual-currency-kiosk/MSB enforcement actions resolved late 2025/early 2026 (Coinme, CoinZoom) and a January 2025 multistate $80m BSA/AML settlement with Block, Inc./Cash App co-led by Washington, alongside routine mortgage-sector consent orders.
all · compliance · analyst · board
Evidence 4 claims ›

W1bConfirmedConduct, Safeguarding & Promotions

see this theme across all jurisdictions →5 claims

Washington's conduct regime centres on a named Responsible Individual per licensee, mandatory permissible-investment/safeguarding of customer funds, a statutory refund right, and federal Regulation E remittance-transfer disclosure obligations layered on top of the state licence. DFI enforces these conduct standards actively via examinations and administrative actions.

No periodic updates yet · baseline brief is current.

Read the full sub-brief

Conduct, Safeguarding & Financial Promotions

Each Washington money transmitter licensee must designate a Responsible Individual — a US citizen or lawfully authorised worker employed as a W-2 employee — who is accountable for state and federal compliance under WAC 208-690-014(2). Licensees are further bound by a statutory duty to transmit customer funds within ten business days of receipt and to refund all monies within ten days of a written refund request under RCW 19.230.330; this operates alongside permissible-investment and segregation duties rather than through a discrete named safeguarding-fund mechanism. Layered atop the state regime, licensees must also satisfy federal Regulation E pre-payment disclosure, error-resolution and cancellation/refund obligations for remittance transfers.

Outlook

The conduct backbone here is a compliance stack rather than a single instrument: a named accountable individual, a hard statutory refund clock, and federal Reg E obligations operating concurrently. Firms should expect DFI examinations to test all three layers together, and the absence of a discrete safeguarding-fund label should not be read as an absence of segregation expectations.

W1bConduct, Safeguarding & PromotionsConfirmed
Washington's conduct regime centres on a named Responsible Individual per licensee, mandatory permissible-investment/safeguarding of customer funds, a statutory refund right, and federal Regulation E remittance-transfer disclosure obligations layered on top of the state licence. DFI enforces these conduct standards actively via examinations and administrative actions.
all · compliance · analyst · board
Evidence 5 claims ›

W3HighOperational Resilience & Critical Infrastructure

see this theme across all jurisdictions →4 claims

Operational resilience obligations for Washington money transmitters are embedded in WAC 208-690 rather than a standalone resilience statute: cybersecurity, business-continuity, recordkeeping and third-party/agent oversight duties are examination-enforced by DFI on a risk-based cycle.

No periodic updates yet · baseline brief is current.

Read the full sub-brief

Operational Resilience & Critical Infrastructure

WAC 208-690 imposes cybersecurity, business-continuity and five-year recordkeeping expectations — transaction logs, customer communications and audit trails — enforced through periodic DFI examination on a risk-based cycle of roughly six to twenty-four months, alongside a requirement that BSA-qualifying licensees maintain an effective anti-money-laundering program and records under 31 CFR Part 103.

Outlook

The risk-based examination cadence means resilience posture is tested unevenly across the licensee population; firms nearer the more frequent end of the six-to-twenty-four-month cycle should expect closer scrutiny of recordkeeping and continuity documentation, particularly where virtual-currency activity is also in scope.

W3Operational Resilience & Critical InfrastructureHigh
Operational resilience obligations for Washington money transmitters are embedded in WAC 208-690 rather than a standalone resilience statute: cybersecurity, business-continuity, recordkeeping and third-party/agent oversight duties are examination-enforced by DFI on a risk-based cycle.
all · compliance · analyst · board
Evidence 4 claims ›

W4AssessedScheme & Network Compliance

see this theme across all jurisdictions →4 claims

Washington imposes no state-specific cap on credit-card surcharging beyond the federal/card-network ceiling, but a state-level interchange-fee ban bill (SB 5070) has been actively debated in the legislature, and the state Department of Revenue has created a distinct B&O tax classification for payment-card processing/acquiring activity.

No periodic updates yet · baseline brief is current.

Read the full sub-brief

Scheme & Network Compliance

Washington imposes no state-specific surcharge cap beyond federal and card-network rules: credit-card surcharging is legal subject to Visa, Mastercard, Amex and Discover ceilings, while debit-card surcharging remains illegal nationwide under the Durbin Amendment. SB 5070, which would ban interchange/swipe fees outright, has taken no action since a February 2025 executive-session slot and remains dormant in committee with no confirmed forward date. Separately, the Department of Revenue has created a dedicated Payment Card Processing B&O tax classification covering acquiring, processing, routing, issuing and network services, with interchange and network-fee deductions permitted.

Outlook

With SB 5070 dormant and no confirmed forward legislative date, Washington's scheme-compliance posture is best read as stable rather than reform-bound this cycle; the more immediate operative reality for card-processing entities is the new B&O tax classification rather than any interchange-ban prospect.

W4Scheme & Network ComplianceAssessed
Washington imposes no state-specific cap on credit-card surcharging beyond the federal/card-network ceiling, but a state-level interchange-fee ban bill (SB 5070) has been actively debated in the legislature, and the state Department of Revenue has created a distinct B&O tax classification for payment-card processing/acquiring activity.
all · compliance · analyst · board
Evidence 4 claims ›

W5HighPayment Corridor Dynamics

see this theme across all jurisdictions →4 claims

Washington (via Seattle-headquartered Remitly) is a globally significant node for US outbound remittance corridors, with the state's digital remittance leader benefiting from a federal carve-out on the new 2026 remittance excise tax for electronically funded transfers.

No periodic updates yet · baseline brief is current.

Read the full sub-brief

Payment Corridor Dynamics

Seattle-headquartered Remitly Global, Inc. operates a global remittance network completing transfers across more than 5,100 corridors without local operations in each destination, per its own SEC 10-K disclosure. A 1% federal remittance excise tax took effect 1 January 2026 on cash-funded international transfers, but Remitly's fully digital, electronically-funded transfers are exempt under the law's carve-out. Illustrative corridor detail remains thin in this pass, limited chiefly to the founding US-Philippines corridor and an expanding US-Kenya mobile-money interoperability link via M-Pesa.

Outlook

The remittance-tax exemption for digital transfers is a structural advantage for Washington's largest homegrown remittance platform relative to cash-based competitors, and should be read as a durable feature of the post-1-January-2026 landscape rather than a transitional one. Emerging-market rail coverage for Washington-originated flows remains under-surveyed and is flagged as a gap for future cycles.

W5Payment Corridor DynamicsHigh
Washington (via Seattle-headquartered Remitly) is a globally significant node for US outbound remittance corridors, with the state's digital remittance leader benefiting from a federal carve-out on the new 2026 remittance excise tax for electronically funded transfers.
all · compliance · analyst · board
Evidence 4 claims ›

W6AssessedIndustry Structure & Commercial

see this theme across all jurisdictions →5 claims

Washington's payments industry structure is bifurcated between DFI-supervised depository institutions (state-chartered banks and credit unions under a dual state/federal charter system) and a dense non-bank fintech/payments cluster headquartered in Seattle, anchored by Remitly, Coinbase-licensed activity, Block/Square, and a wider venture-backed B2B payments and banking-as-a-service scene.

No periodic updates yet · baseline brief is current.

Read the full sub-brief

Industry Structure & Commercial Dynamics

Washington operates a genuine dual state/federal bank-charter system: DFI's Division of Banks supervises state-chartered commercial and savings banks and trust companies, while its Division of Credit Unions supervises state-chartered credit unions alongside NCUA federal oversight. Separately, Seattle's fintech cluster is described by one tracker as comprising 475 companies with $3.43 billion raised, and by another vendor source as having raised $4.1 billion across 180-plus rounds in 2025; neither figure is independently corroborated by a primary data provider.

Outlook

The dual-charter structure is a stable, long-standing feature unlikely to shift in the near term. The venture-funding figures for the Seattle fintech cluster should be treated as directional rather than precise pending independent corroboration.

W6Industry Structure & CommercialAssessed
Washington's payments industry structure is bifurcated between DFI-supervised depository institutions (state-chartered banks and credit unions under a dual state/federal charter system) and a dense non-bank fintech/payments cluster headquartered in Seattle, anchored by Remitly, Coinbase-licensed activity, Block/Square, and a wider venture-backed B2B payments and banking-as-a-service scene.
all · compliance · analyst · board
Evidence 5 claims ›

W8HighMerchant Acquiring & Risk

see this theme across all jurisdictions →4 claims

Merchant acquiring in Washington follows the standard US card-network model with DOR B&O tax carve-outs for acquirers/processors; the highest-risk merchant segment DFI actively tracks is cannabis retail, for which the state has codified specific settlement-timing rules for money-transmitter, card and check payment methods given federal banking access constraints.

No periodic updates yet · baseline brief is current.

Read the full sub-brief

Merchant Acquiring & Risk

Cannabis-sector money-transmitter transactions are subject to codified settlement-timing rules under WAC 314-55-115, requiring initiation no later than the first business day following delivery and payment within five business days, with the transmitter licensed and in good standing with DFI. DFI's own cannabis-financial-services directory lists high-risk payment providers such as Aeropay, CanPay, Dutchie and Vector Payments that meet minimum DFI standards, while explicitly stating that these providers are not themselves DFI-regulated entities.

Outlook

The curated-but-unregulated status of the cannabis payment-provider directory is a structural feature worth tracking: DFI's endorsement is limited to minimum-standards screening, not full regulatory oversight, leaving a residual due-diligence burden on cannabis retailers selecting a provider.

W8Merchant Acquiring & RiskHigh
Merchant acquiring in Washington follows the standard US card-network model with DOR B&O tax carve-outs for acquirers/processors; the highest-risk merchant segment DFI actively tracks is cannabis retail, for which the state has codified specific settlement-timing rules for money-transmitter, card and check payment methods given federal banking access constraints.
all · compliance · analyst · board
Evidence 4 claims ›

W9HighProduct Innovation & Market Development

see this theme across all jurisdictions →4 claims

Seattle-based Remitly is the state's flagship payments product innovator, having launched a subscription membership (Remitly One), a bank-partnered debit/wallet product, and a forthcoming consumer line of credit in 2025-2026; the University of Washington's CoMotion innovation arm has also stood up a dedicated fintech incubator.

No periodic updates yet · baseline brief is current.

Read the full sub-brief

Product Innovation & Market Development

Remitly launched a $9.99-per-month 'Remitly One' membership on 9 September 2025, bundling its Flex, Wallet and Card offerings for US customers, and plans to add a consumer line of credit reported to a US credit bureau beginning spring 2026, with banking services and its debit card provided by partner Lead Bank under Visa U.S.A. licensing. The University of Washington's CoMotion innovation arm has also announced a fintech-incubator partnership with data-intelligence company Curinos, though this remains a single-source, uncorroborated report.

Outlook

Remitly's trajectory — membership subscription now, bank-partnered consumer credit in spring 2026 — is the clearest evidence in this cycle of a Washington-based nonbank money transmitter using a bank-partner model to expand beyond core remittance into adjacent consumer financial products, a pattern now typical of large US money-transmitter platforms.

W9Product Innovation & Market DevelopmentHigh
Seattle-based Remitly is the state's flagship payments product innovator, having launched a subscription membership (Remitly One), a bank-partnered debit/wallet product, and a forthcoming consumer line of credit in 2025-2026; the University of Washington's CoMotion innovation arm has also stood up a dedicated fintech incubator.
all · compliance · analyst · board
Evidence 4 claims ›

W10HighConsumer Protection & APP Fraud

see this theme across all jurisdictions →4 claims

Consumer protection for Washington payments customers rests on the general Consumer Protection Act (RCW 19.86), the money-transmitter-specific refund right in RCW 19.230.330, and federal Regulation E remittance-transfer disclosure/error-resolution obligations; there is no Washington-specific mandatory APP-fraud reimbursement regime analogous to the UK's PSR rules.

No periodic updates yet · baseline brief is current.

Read the full sub-brief

Consumer Protection & APP Fraud

Washington has no state-specific mandatory Authorised-Push-Payment fraud reimbursement scheme analogous to the UK Payment Systems Regulator's rules; consumer recourse instead rests on the broadly-interpreted Consumer Protection Act, the statutory money-transmitter refund right, and federal Regulation E error-resolution procedures. Licensees must maintain Reg E-compliant error-resolution policies and procedures, enforced via DFI examination.

Outlook

Absent a dedicated APP-fraud reimbursement regime, Washington consumers' practical recourse for push-payment fraud losses remains dependent on the general CPA standard and the money-transmitter refund right rather than a scheme-specific liability allocation; this gap is worth monitoring against any future federal or state reimbursement-mandate proposals.

W10Consumer Protection & APP FraudHigh
Consumer protection for Washington payments customers rests on the general Consumer Protection Act (RCW 19.86), the money-transmitter-specific refund right in RCW 19.230.330, and federal Regulation E remittance-transfer disclosure/error-resolution obligations; there is no Washington-specific mandatory APP-fraud reimbursement regime analogous to the UK's PSR rules.
all · compliance · analyst · board
Evidence 4 claims ›

W11AssessedAML/CFT & Financial Crime (Sentinel.gi-fed)

Sentinelsee this theme across all jurisdictions →1 claim

This module is Sentinel.gi-fed per methodology and carries the Sentinel payments-context position rather than original illicit-finance analysis. Direct Sentinel.gi feed content was not accessible within this collection pass; the module is seeded with the one directly observable, DFI-sourced payments-context financial-crime enforcement item (the multistate Block/Cash App BSA/AML settlement) pending Sentinel feed integration.

No periodic updates yet · baseline brief is current.

Read the full sub-brief

AML/CFT & Financial Crime (Sentinel.gi-fed)

This module is sourced from Sentinel.gi's financial-crime intelligence feed; per methodology, WPM does not perform original illicit-finance analysis here and instead attributes and links out to the underlying feed, seeded this cycle with the single directly-observable DFI payments-context item available pending full feed integration — the finding that state regulators assessed Block, Inc. as non-compliant with Bank Secrecy Act/anti-money-laundering customer due-diligence, suspicious-activity-reporting and high-risk-account control requirements, creating potential for its services to support money laundering or terrorism financing.

Outlook

Direct Sentinel.gi feed integration for Washington remains pending; this module should be read as a placeholder seeded from a single adjacent payments-context finding rather than a systematic illicit-finance survey, and readers seeking the underlying AML/CFT analysis should consult the Sentinel.gi feed directly.

W11AML/CFT & Financial Crime (Sentinel.gi-fed)Assessed
This module is Sentinel.gi-fed per methodology and carries the Sentinel payments-context position rather than original illicit-finance analysis. Direct Sentinel.gi feed content was not accessible within this collection pass; the module is seeded with the one directly observable, DFI-sourced payments-context financial-crime enforcement item (the multistate Block/Cash App BSA/AML settlement) pending Sentinel feed integration.
all · compliance · analyst · board
Evidence 1 claim ›

W12HighCorrespondent Banking, Settlement & Access

see this theme across all jurisdictions →4 claims

Washington's correspondent-banking/settlement access story is dominated by cannabis-sector de-risking: only a small number of state-chartered banks and credit unions are willing to bank cannabis retailers given federal Schedule I status, with DFI maintaining an active list of compliant depository and non-depository providers.

No periodic updates yet · baseline brief is current.

Read the full sub-brief

Correspondent Banking, Settlement & Access

Only a handful of Washington state banks and credit unions — including O Bee, Numerica, Sound Community Bank, Timberland Bank and Twin City Bank — handle most cannabis-related deposit accounts given marijuana's federal Schedule I status, illustrating a structural bank-versus-non-bank access asymmetry that pushes cannabis retailers toward money-transmitter and non-bank payment-provider workarounds; Remitly's own settlement access, by contrast, runs through bank partner Lead Bank under Visa U.S.A. licensing, the standard non-bank-PI-plus-bank-partner model. State officials have sought to preserve 2014 FinCEN guidance permitting regulated cannabis banking.

Outlook

The bank-versus-non-bank access asymmetry is this module's analytical spine: mainstream depository access remains concentrated in a small number of willing state banks and credit unions for cannabis, while nonbank PSPs like Remitly rely on a bank-partner settlement model for everyday operations — two structurally distinct correspondent-access problems that should not be conflated.

W12Correspondent Banking, Settlement & AccessHigh
Washington's correspondent-banking/settlement access story is dominated by cannabis-sector de-risking: only a small number of state-chartered banks and credit unions are willing to bank cannabis retailers given federal Schedule I status, with DFI maintaining an active list of compliant depository and non-depository providers.
all · compliance · analyst · board
Evidence 4 claims ›

W13AssessedCommercial Intelligence (M&A, Investment & Product)

see this theme across all jurisdictions →4 claims

Trailing-12-month commercial activity in Washington payments is led by Remitly's product/membership expansion (Remitly One, forthcoming line of credit) and continued early-stage fintech funding activity in the Seattle ecosystem, alongside a major multistate regulatory settlement affecting Block/Cash App.

No periodic updates yet · baseline brief is current.

Read the full sub-brief

Commercial Intelligence

Remitly One, a $9.99-per-month membership bundling Flex, Wallet and Card offerings, became available to select US customers on 9 September 2025 with broader US availability by the end of 2025, an event classified as a completed product release rather than a structural market trend. Separately, Seattle-based OpenCFO — founded by former CrowdStrike and Bloomberg engineers — announced on 16 March 2026 that it had raised $2 million in seed funding to automate finance functions such as accounts-payable, accounts-receivable and treasury for mid-sized companies, connecting directly to banking and payment infrastructure. A broader market tracker separately reports 499 tracked Seattle fintech startups, of which 178 are funded (68 Series A or later, one unicorn), though this aggregate figure is not a discrete event and individual deal amounts within it are not disclosed.

Outlook

Both discrete events this cycle — the Remitly One product release and the OpenCFO seed round — are genuine commercial-intelligence items distinct from W6's structural market-cluster analysis and W9's product-access regulatory theme; expect continued small-scale seed activity in the Seattle fintech cluster alongside further product iteration from Remitly as its bank-partner credit line approaches launch.

W13Commercial Intelligence (M&A, Investment & Product)Assessed
Trailing-12-month commercial activity in Washington payments is led by Remitly's product/membership expansion (Remitly One, forthcoming line of credit) and continued early-stage fintech funding activity in the Seattle ecosystem, alongside a major multistate regulatory settlement affecting Block/Cash App.
all · compliance · analyst · board
Evidence 4 claims ›

Key judgments

6 judgments
W1aConfirmed
Washington's single-category Money Transmitter/Currency Exchanger licence (RCW 19.230/WAC 208-690) — with no separate EMI/PI route — is a materially different US state market-access architecture from EU/UK PI-EMI regimes, and covers virtual-currency activity within the same licence since 2017.
Impact: ELEVATED
2 supporting claims
Evidence 2 claims ›
W2High
The GENIUS Act, while enacted 18 Jul 2025, remains in the federal rulemaking phase with no final implementing regulations as of mid-2026, and is therefore NOT currently operative; treating it as a live framework (as an earlier research pass did) materially overstates its present applicability to Washington-domiciled stablecoin activity.
Impact: HIGH
1 supporting claim
Evidence 1 claim ›
W2High
A widely-circulated vendor claim attributing a Washington-specific 'Section 404' stablecoin-interest ban to DFI is a misattribution — Section 404 is a provision of the pending federal CLARITY Act, not codified Washington law — and should not be relied upon as WA policy.
Impact: ELEVATED
1 supporting claim
Evidence 1 claim ›
W7Confirmed
DFI has become an unusually active enforcer against non-compliant virtual-currency money transmitters, closing two licence-revocation-track actions (Coinme, CoinZoom) within a four-month window and co-leading the $80m multistate Block/Cash App BSA/AML settlement — signalling elevated state-level supervisory risk for non-bank virtual-currency MSBs in Washington.
Impact: HIGH
3 supporting claims
Evidence 3 claims ›
W12High
Washington's cannabis-sector correspondent/settlement-access gap persists structurally, with only a handful of state banks/credit unions willing to bank cannabis retailers, sustaining continued reliance on money-transmitter and non-bank payment-provider workarounds.
Impact: ELEVATED
2 supporting claims
Evidence 2 claims ›
W9High
Remitly continues to expand beyond core remittance into adjacent consumer financial products (membership subscription, forthcoming consumer credit line) via a bank-partner (Lead Bank) model, the standard nonbank-PI-plus-bank-partner structure now typical of large US money-transmitter platforms.
Impact: ELEVATED
3 supporting claims
Evidence 3 claims ›

What changed this cycle

16 changes this cycle
domain W1aNewly Scoped
Baseline W1a licensing/market-access position established for US-WA.
First WPM per-jurisdiction baseline cycle for US-WA.
Detail ›
domain W1bNewly Scoped
Baseline W1b conduct/safeguarding position established for US-WA.
First WPM per-jurisdiction baseline cycle for US-WA.
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domain W2Newly Scoped
Baseline W2 stablecoin/digital-money position established for US-WA, with challenge-driven corrections applied.
First WPM per-jurisdiction baseline cycle for US-WA.
Detail ›
domain W3Newly Scoped
Baseline W3 resilience position established for US-WA.
First WPM per-jurisdiction baseline cycle for US-WA.
Detail ›
domain W4Newly Scoped
Baseline W4 scheme/network compliance position established for US-WA.
First WPM per-jurisdiction baseline cycle for US-WA.
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domain W5Newly Scoped
Baseline W5 corridor dynamics position established for US-WA.
First WPM per-jurisdiction baseline cycle for US-WA.
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domain W6Newly Scoped
Baseline W6 industry structure position established for US-WA.
First WPM per-jurisdiction baseline cycle for US-WA.
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domain W7Newly Scoped
Baseline W7 legal/litigation position established for US-WA.
First WPM per-jurisdiction baseline cycle for US-WA.
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domain W8Newly Scoped
Baseline W8 merchant acquiring/risk position established for US-WA.
First WPM per-jurisdiction baseline cycle for US-WA.
Detail ›
domain W9Newly Scoped
Baseline W9 product innovation position established for US-WA.
First WPM per-jurisdiction baseline cycle for US-WA.
Detail ›
domain W10Newly Scoped
Baseline W10 consumer protection position established for US-WA.
First WPM per-jurisdiction baseline cycle for US-WA.
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domain W11Newly Scoped
Baseline W11 Sentinel-fed AML position established for US-WA (partial, pending direct feed).
First WPM per-jurisdiction baseline cycle for US-WA.
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domain W12Newly Scoped
Baseline W12 correspondent banking/access position established for US-WA.
First WPM per-jurisdiction baseline cycle for US-WA.
Detail ›
domain W13Newly Scoped
Baseline W13 commercial intelligence position established for US-WA.
First WPM per-jurisdiction baseline cycle for US-WA.
Detail ›
claim wpm-2026-W2-002Changed
GENIUS Act reframed as enacted (18 Jul 2025) but NOT YET operative, pending final implementing regulations (effective no later than 18 Jan 2027).
Challenge review finding f-001 (hard_flag): initial draft conflated enactment date with operative status; corrected.
Detail ›
claim wpm-2026-W2-003Retired
Section 404 reframed as a provision of the pending, unenacted federal CLARITY Act, not a Washington state policy.
Challenge review finding f-002 (hard_flag, suggested_action=retract): source misattribution / cross-domain conflation identified; erroneous WA-specific attribution retired and replaced.
Detail ›

Risk posture

1 tracked
US-WATightening On Virtual-Currency Msb Supervision
Concentrated DFI enforcement sweep (Coinme, CoinZoom) plus co-led $80m multistate Block/Cash App BSA/AML settlement.
Risk level: Elevated
Confidence: High
Detail ›
World Payments jurisdiction data · United States — Washington (US-WA) · schema world-payments-v1 · baseline wpm-2026-07-05. Data-driven from the published jurisdiction contract — all values shown are read directly from the pipeline output (server-rendered).

Evidence

Confidence-tiered claims

No structured claims published for this jurisdiction yet.