Legal & Litigation

Payments-related legal activity centres on enforcement and fraud-liability rather than landmark litigation. Nigeria's CBN has issued direct enforcement actions (fines and NIBSS settlement-account debits for fraud proceeds), and a 2022 Kenyan High Court ruling… Full module →

Payments-adjacent litigation centres on large bank-fraud and unauthorised cross-border transfer cases prosecuted before specialised economic/financial courts.

The landmark payments litigation is the Prisma matter: a CNDC ex officio investigation (opened 2016) into Prisma — sole Visa acquirer/processor owned by 14 banks — led to a divestment remedy in 2018, the first such remedy in a conduct case, opening the… Full module →

APAC enforcement is intensifying, especially AML/CFT and crypto/stablecoin breaches. MAS imposed major composition penalties in connection with the S$3bn money-laundering scandal and separate AML penalties on cross-border MPIs; APAC penalty volumes rose ~44%… Full module →

ASIC is highly active in payments-adjacent enforcement, securing a record A$349.8m in court-ordered civil penalties in H2 2025. Landmark matters include: the HSBC Australia scam-controls case (Federal Court ordered A$35m on 18 June 2026 - one of the first… Full module →

Austrian payments-adjacent litigation in the current cycle centres on the Supreme Court's (OGH) reversal of long-standing precedent on bank fee clauses, driven by ECJ case law, alongside an e-money-specific ruling on prepaid/voucher card redemption fees… Full module →

The Nagad corruption scandal is the dominant payments-sector litigation event: Bangladesh Bank initiated legal action against Nagad's former chairman and ex-CEO along with 22 others, the Anti-Corruption Commission raided Nagad's headquarters citing evidence… Full module →

Belgian financial-services litigation runs through a specialised Commercial Court cease-and-desist track alongside the NBB/FSMA Sanctions Committee administrative-fine process; recent activity includes a major AML fine against BNP Paribas Fortis and an active… Full module →

Enforcement is dominated by the June 2025 C&M Software breach — the largest cyber-heist in Brazilian history — in which attackers used credentials of a bribed C&M employee to inject fraudulent Pix orders, draining over R$1bn (≈R$813m+ commonly cited) from at… Full module →

The landmark Bulgarian payments/banking litigation remains the ECHR's KTB ruling. Current enforcement is otherwise structured around BNB's statutory administrative and criminal-penalty powers; no new large-scale PSP/EMI enforcement litigation identified for… Full module →

Cambodia's payments-adjacent legal/enforcement landscape in 2025-2026 has been dominated by transnational scam-compound litigation and sanctions. OFAC designated the Prince Group a Transnational Criminal Organization (Oct 2025, expanded June 2026)… Full module →

Cameroon's payments-adjacent legal/enforcement record centres on the 2016 BICEC embezzlement scandal (COBAC-triggered court proceedings) and the 2025 Ministry of Finance licensing-enforcement campaign under Article 84 of the 2018 CEMAC Payment Services… Full module →

The defining payments litigation is the Canadian credit-card interchange price-fixing class actions against Visa, Mastercard and issuing banks, settled for C$188 million covering merchants who accepted Visa/Mastercard credit cards March 23, 2001 – September… Full module →

Alberta has been an active venue for interchange class actions against Visa/Mastercard/issuing banks, alongside FINTRAC AMP enforcement against an Edmonton MSB and a Calgary real estate brokerage.

BC's most consequential payments-adjacent legal developments are the Cullen Commission's 101-recommendation final report on money laundering (real estate, casinos, MSBs), the BC Court of Appeal's Zheng v. Bank of China ruling (2023 BCCA 43) permitting a… Full module →

The dominant payments litigation shaping the Canadian (and thus NB) merchant-acquiring landscape is the long-running Visa/Mastercard/bank interchange-fee class action, settled for CAD $188 million with associated no-surcharge rule modifications; emerging… Full module →

Ontario payments-adjacent litigation and enforcement activity spans FINTRAC AMPs against Ontario-based reporting entities, the $500-million Loblaw/Weston bread price-fixing settlement's Interac-based fraud-screening flashpoint, and major cross-border AML… Full module →

Quebec-linked payments litigation centres on the Desjardins 2019 data breach class action settlement (Quebec Superior Court) and the Visa/Mastercard interchange-fee class action settlement that enabled merchant surcharging nationally; FINTRAC enforcement… Full module →

The defining payments litigation is the long-running Transbank antitrust/tariff saga: a 2005 FNE complaint and antitrust finding of dominant-position abuse, a Supreme Court ruling (Case 82.422-2021) overturning Transbank's self-regulated fee structure, and… Full module →

PBOC enforcement against payment institutions is active and recurring (AML, forex, illegal-platform facilitation); Alipay/Tenpay placed under HQ-level AML supervision in 2025; 2021 draft antitrust regime remains unresolved.

Live competition matter: SIC precautionary measures (2022) and pliego de cargos (2023) against six Visa/Mastercard entities over conduct obstructing payment aggregators and the LCA cross-border model (breach of Ley 155/1959 Art. 1 and Art. 47.10 Decreto… Full module →

The dominant live payments litigation in Costa Rica is the Visa/Mastercard challenge to the BCCR's interchange/MDR fee-cap regime under Law 9831, contesting the central bank's jurisdiction over cross-border card transactions. A parallel legislative effort to… Full module →

The most significant payments enforcement precedent remains HNB/Financial Inspectorate's record HRK 33 million AML/CFT fine on Zagrebačka banka (2020). Croatia's payments-related legal infrastructure runs through civil/commercial courts under the Civil… Full module →

The two dominant live/landmark litigation threads in Curacao's payments space are the two-decades-long First Curacao International Bank (FCIB) wind-down litigation (license revoked 2006 for VAT fraud involvement; Dutch Supreme Court remanded a fee-withholding… Full module →

Enforcement in the payments-adjacent space is driven by CySEC (CIFs, CASPs, funds) and CBC (credit institutions, PIs, EMIs), plus the National Sanctions Implementation Unit (NSIU). In its 2025 review CySEC reported imposing €2.3 million in fines and ~600… Full module →

CNB enforcement in the payments/AML space has produced material fines against regulated entities for AML/internal-control deficiencies (Fio banka, Expobank CZ) and licence revocations for payment/e-money institutions (including GOPAY s.r.o.'s EMI… Full module →

The dominant payments-adjacent litigation/enforcement matter for Denmark is the Danske Bank Estonia money-laundering scandal (2007-2015 non-resident portfolio, ~€200bn suspicious flows), resolved via a coordinated December 2022 global settlement: a Danish… Full module →

The most significant payments-adjacent legal matter is ProCompetencia's DE-004-2023 investigation into Visa/Mastercard; SB has overhauled its administrative sanctions procedure since 2020 and publishes open enforcement data.

Enforcement activity centres on the SB's and SEPS's administrative sanctioning powers against unauthorised entities and non-compliant cooperatives, compounded by a legal-infrastructure gap around crypto-asset seizure.

Enforcement in payments is administrative and CBE-led rather than driven by landmark court litigation. Law 194/2020 carries criminal penalties (imprisonment, fines up to EGP 10m) for unlicensed crypto/payments activity, which the CBE has invoked via repeated… Full module →

Shaped by the Danske Bank Estonia AML scandal aftermath (2019 closure, 2022 global settlements) alongside domestic enforcement (SEB 2020 fine) and the 2024 court annulment of the LHV sanctions fine.

EEA payments enforcement is NCA-led and intensifying. European regulators issued over EUR 36m in AML fines against payments/e-money firms between March 2024 and March 2025 across ~30 enforcement actions, including licence revocations by the Bank of Lithuania… Full module →

FIN-FSA maintains active AML enforcement record; 2024 NYDFS $35m Nordea settlement is the most consequential payments-adjacent litigation.

French payments litigation/enforcement centres on (i) ACPR Sanctions Committee disciplinary proceedings (historically AML/CFT-led, against banks such as Société Générale, BNP Paribas, La Banque Postale) appealable to the Conseil d'État; (ii) Cour de cassation… Full module →

The defining payments-litigation complex remains Wirecard: the 2020 insolvency (EUR 1.9bn missing) drove the Financial Market Integrity Strengthening Act (FISG, 2021) expanding BaFin powers; the Munich Regional Court found former board members liable for EUR… Full module →

Act 987 provides the dispute-resolution spine: PSPs aggrieved by BoG licensing decisions petition BoG within 30 days with onward appeal to the Chief Justice; consumer disputes go through mandatory internal PSP procedures with appeal to BoG. Enforcement is… Full module →

GFSC enforcement is risk-based, with effective and proportionate use of enforcement powers (including sanctioning/administrative penalties under the EMR 2020) as a stated regulatory objective. No landmark Gibraltar payments-sector litigation or major… Full module →

The dominant live payments-sector litigation is JPMorgan v Viva Wallet executives/Werealize, spanning parallel UK and Greek proceedings. Underlying legal infrastructure for payments (safeguarded-funds insolvency treatment, settlement finality) sits in Law… Full module →

Payments-related legal action in Hong Kong is largely supervisory/enforcement rather than landmark private litigation. The HKMA exercises pecuniary-penalty powers under s.21 AMLO (banks) and s.33Q PSSVFO (SVF/RPS), with an appeals route via the PSSVF Appeals… Full module →

The leading Hungarian payments litigation precedent is the CJEU's Budapest Bank interchange-fee competition ruling arising from a Kúria reference; the MNB has fined major Hungarian banks for AML/CTF compliance failures in payment-adjacent supervision.

The standing enforcement/litigation position centres on the CBI's first publicised sanctions/AML fine (Fossa fjárfestingarbanki, May 2025) and the long-running Landsbankinn v. Borgun/Teya damages litigation, which concluded in 2025 with the purchaser entities… Full module →

Payments enforcement is active. The RBI imposed monetary penalties on 353 entities totalling ₹54.78cr in FY 2024-25 for compliance failures, with PSO-specific actions under Sections 30/31 PSS Act for KYC/PPI lapses (e.g. Appnit Technologies, May 2026). A… Full module →

S$27.45m composition penalties on nine FIs (4 Jul 2025) and penalties on five cross-border MPIs (27 Jun 2025) over the Aug 2023 S$3bn ML case; 2025-26 enforcement priorities are AML/CFT and digital-asset capability.

Enforcement is led by the CBI's Administrative Sanctions Procedure (ASP), under which it can fine firms up to EUR 10 million or 10% of turnover and individuals up to EUR 1 million. The landmark recent payments-context action is the November 2025 fine of… Full module →

Enforcement in the payments/financial-crime space is dominated by IOMFSA discretionary civil penalties for AML/CFT Code breaches (max £400,000 per breach), with a marked escalation in 2023-24/2025 including the largest fine in the FSA's history (RL360… Full module →

Banca d'Italia continues to issue administrative sanctions against payment/e-money institutions and banks (e.g. Moneynet Spa, Smart Bank Spa), and D.Lgs. 208/2025 (effective 2026) materially strengthens enforcement by introducing periodic 'penalita di mora'… Full module →

Payments enforcement in Côte d'Ivoire is administered through the WAMU Banking Commission (CB-UMOA), which conducts inspections and imposes disciplinary sanctions, financial penalties and licence revocations on supervised institutions. Recent registry… Full module →

Enforcement is driven by the FSA, which can impose administrative monetary penalties, business-improvement/suspension orders and injunctions and publicly names non-compliant entities; serious AML/CFT failures can lead to criminal prosecution. The headline… Full module →

The dominant legal/enforcement theme is sanctions-driven: EU and US measures against Russian-linked banks operating in Kazakhstan (VTB, Sberbank, Alfa-Bank subsidiaries) have forced restructurings, asset freezes and a 2025 transaction ban, while domestic… Full module →

Payments-relevant litigation/enforcement in Kenya clusters around (a) scope-of-licensing disputes (a 2022 High Court decision extending the PSP definition to SWIFT-infrastructure users; CBK action against unlicensed players such as Flutterwave and Chipper… Full module →

Formal payments-specific litigation is scarce in the public record; the more substantive legal/enforcement signal comes from FATF's 2023 Mutual Evaluation and subsequent action-plan monitoring, which repeatedly documents weak enforcement (few ML… Full module →

The dominant live legal matter is the criminal/enforcement fallout from the 2025 Pix-rail breaches: Brazil's Federal Police, activated by the BCB, opened a formal investigation into the C&M Software attack (criminal conspiracy, fraud-related theft… Full module →

ABLV Bank case (2018 FinCEN 311 finding, licence withdrawal, self-liquidation, 2022 criminal charges, Sept 2024 designation withdrawal) remains the anchor litigation/enforcement history; LPB Bank (2023) and Baltic International Bank (2024) enforcement… Full module →

Payments-adjacent litigation in Liechtenstein centres on crypto-custody incident response (the 2022 LCX hack, with Liechtenstein courts issuing freezing orders enforced abroad) and general FMA administrative-enforcement powers (warnings, professional bans… Full module →

AML/CFT failings are the dominant driver of LT EMI licence revocations: Transactive Systems UAB (EUR 280k fine + revocation), PAYRNET (insolvency, EUR 7m irrecoverable intra-group payment, criminal referral), Eurojust-coordinated ~EUR 2bn laundering case.

Payments-relevant enforcement is driven by CSSF administrative sanctions (warnings, reprimands, fines, occupational bans, generally published) for AML/CFT and prudential breaches, without prejudice to criminal sanctions. A landmark Court of Appeal ruling of… Full module →

Macau's most consequential payments-adjacent litigation concerns casino-junket patron-deposit disputes: the Court of Final Appeal has repeatedly found concessionaires jointly liable for junket misconduct/insolvency, though a September 2025 ruling narrowed… Full module →

Payments-relevant legal action in Malaysia is dominated by BNM administrative enforcement (compound/monetary penalties) rather than landmark civil litigation, focused on AML/CFT/sanctions-screening and operational-resilience (RMiT) breaches. Notable actions… Full module →

Enforcement in the payments space is led by the MFSA (administrative penalties under the MFSA Act and FIA) and the FIAU (AML/CFT penalties). MFSA published financial-institution regulatory actions in 2025 (Ref 2025-12 €650; Ref 2025-13 €7,050). The FIAU fined… Full module →

Live legal pressure centres on (i) the FinCEN/Section 311 designations of CIBanco, Intercam and Vector (June 2025) and subsequent US litigation (CIBanco's DC suit, later dismissed), with CNBV temporarily intervening the institutions; (ii) CNBV… Full module →

The landmark payments-sector enforcement matter is the Competition Council (Conseil de la Concurrence) Decision No. 152/D/2024 against CMI. Triggered by a complaint from NAPS SA, the Council found CMI's all-in-one acquiring/processing model anti-competitive… Full module →

The dominant financial-sector litigation touching Mozambique is the 'tuna bonds' hidden-debt scandal: state-guaranteed loans from Credit Suisse/VTB were later ruled illegal, leading to a 2024 English High Court judgment substantially in Mozambique's favour… Full module →

Enforcement activity centres on CBM licence revocations against non-compliant foreign-exchange dealers/money changers, criminal prosecutions of individuals for crypto-linked currency conversion under the AML and Financial Institutions Laws, and a distinct… Full module →

Payments-related litigation in Nepal centres on the 2022 Supreme Court dismissal of a PIL challenging NRB's crypto ban, active NRB enforcement actions (licence dismissals, account freezes) against non-compliant PSPs, and an emerging legal-ambiguity dispute… Full module →

DNB enforces Wft/Wwft via fines/orders (Bbbfs). Landmark actions: Bunq EUR 2.6m (May 2025), de Volksbank EUR 20m (Jan 2025), PSP fine upheld on appeal (Feb 2026), Rabobank ML court case.

The landmark NZ payments litigation was the Commerce Commission's 2006-2009 interchange proceedings against Visa, Mastercard and the major banks under ss.27 & 30 of the Commerce Act 1986, settled in 2009 (Visa and Mastercard agreeing to scheme-rule changes… Full module →

The headline payments-adjacent litigation is the Nigerian state's enforcement campaign against Binance: a February 2025 dispute and FIRS tax-evasion charges, the detention of Binance executives over alleged FX manipulation, and Binance's subsequent disabling… Full module →

Payments-adjacent litigation/enforcement in Norway centres on Finanstilsynet's AML supervisory actions (including the historic record DNB fine and an active 2024 agent-network inspection), Competition Authority merger scrutiny of the Vipps/BankAxept… Full module →

SBP's quarterly enforcement-penalty disclosure practice and EMI licence-revocation precedents (TAG, Paymax, Careem) establish the litigation/enforcement baseline.

The most consequential recent payments-adjacent litigation is the Supreme Court's 2023 nullification of the vetoed crypto law; on the supervisory-enforcement side, the SBP operates a public sanctions register for banking/trust/AML breaches and has just… Full module →

Enforcement activity centres on INDECOPI consumer-protection sanctions against banks for unauthorised/unrecognised card transactions and unauthorised card issuance, running parallel with SBS's own sanctioning regime, expanded via Res. 01029-2026. INDECOPI has… Full module →

Enforcement is primarily administrative/supervisory by the BSP rather than landmark court litigation. Recent notable actions include the August 2025 BSP directive (Memorandum M-2025-029) ordering GCash and Maya to sever links to online gambling platforms, and… Full module →

Payments-relevant enforcement runs through UOKiK (competition/consumer collective-interests) and the courts. UOKiK can fine for collective-consumer-interest infringements and apply public-compensation remedies (confirmed admissible by the Supreme Court, 12… Full module →

The most significant recent payments-sector enforcement action is the Portuguese Competition Authority's 2024 fine against SIBS for tying scheme access to processing services. Banco de Portugal separately runs sanctioning proceedings against credit… Full module →

Payments-sector legal/enforcement framework is administrative and QCB-led rather than litigation-driven. QCB Law No. 13 of 2012 (chapters 8 dispute resolution, 9 sanctions) and Article 216 underpin financial penalties; Article 205 criminalises unlicensed… Full module →

Payments-adjacent enforcement is shaped by the BNR (prudential/AML sanctions), the ANPC (consumer), and the Competition Council. A landmark 2026 matter is the Competition Council's record RON 3.73 billion (EUR 710 million) fine against the ten largest banks… Full module →

Bank-license revocation remains the CBR's primary enforcement tool against payments-adjacent misconduct (AML/CFT breaches, technical/shell-company exposure), exercised under the Banking Legislation framework (Bank of Russia Law, Insolvency Law 40-FZ/127-FZ)… Full module →

Rwanda's payments enforcement is administrative/supervisory rather than litigation-driven. BNR can suspend or withdraw PSP licences (PSP Regulation grounds: non-commencement within 12 months, false statements, insolvency, financial-stability risk) and imposes… Full module →

Payments-related enforcement in KSA is administrative and supervisory rather than common-law litigation-driven. SAMA publicly announces penalties against financial institutions and maintains 'Instructions for Publishing Banking Penalties'. The CMA actively… Full module →

High-volume mobile-money fraud prosecutions via DSC/Dakar prosecutor; periodic UMOA Banking Commission disciplinary sanctions.

The most significant payments-sector litigation/enforcement history in Serbia is the Competition Commission's antitrust action against Mastercard over interchange fees (initiated 2018), alongside the NBS's broad but non-transparent administrative enforcement… Full module →

MAS enforcement in the payments space has intensified. In July 2025 MAS imposed S$27.45m in composition penalties on nine FIs over the August 2023 S$3bn money-laundering case, with prohibition orders/reprimands on 18 individuals. In June 2025 MAS levied… Full module →

NBS actively exercises its methodological and sanctioning function against supervised financial-market entities, with 2025-2026 enforcement running from small intermediary fines up to a EUR 500,000 penalty against a systemic retail bank for repeated… Full module →

Banka Slovenije maintains a formal, published register of administrative penalties/measures imposed on supervised entities (97 recorded hits at time of collection), operating under its general enforcement powers over PIs, EMIs and banks; MiCA introduces new… Full module →

The most consequential payments-related litigation concerns whether crypto assets fall within South Africa's exchange-control framework. In the 2025 Standard Bank of South Africa v SARB matter the High Court held that crypto is neither 'currency' nor… Full module →

The most consequential payments-adjacent litigation/enforcement is the FIU's 'first-in, first-out' AML/KYC enforcement campaign against the five won-market crypto exchanges. Dunamu (Upbit) received a KRW 35.2bn (~US$25m) fine, a three-month new-customer… Full module →

Supreme Court judgment 571/2025 shifts APP-fraud burden of proof to banks; CNMV Banco Sabadell sanction; CNMC antitrust file adds competition-law dimension.

Recent enforcement centres on CBSL's expanded resolution and administrative-fine powers under the Banking (Special Provisions) Act No. 17 of 2023 and the Banking (Amendment) Act No. 24 of 2024: a finance-company licence cancellation (Nation Lanka Finance PLC… Full module →

Sweden's payments-adjacent enforcement docket is dominated by FI's AML sanctions programme against banks and payment institutions, alongside a landmark competition-law win for Klarna against Google in July 2026. The 2025/26:42 criminalisation bill is a live… Full module →

FINMA can impose enforcement measures and sanctions for AMLA breaches; under the SBA's CDB 20 code of conduct an offending bank can be fined up to CHF 10m. Recent landmark exposure includes a USD 985m (EUR 835m) penalty issued to a Swiss bank by French… Full module →

FSC enforcement in the payments/banking space has centred on administrative penalties against major banks for AML/internal-control deficiencies, MODA fines against global platforms for anti-fraud disclosure failures, and a sharp legislative escalation in… Full module →

Landmark payments-adjacent litigation centres on virtual assets: the High Court of Tanzania's 13 December 2024 decision in Yellow Card Tanzania Ltd v Nyamwero Michael Nyamwero (Commercial Case No. 12171 of 2024) enforced a settlement deed arising from a… Full module →

Enforcement in the payments-adjacent space is currently dominated by SEC digital-asset actions and cyber-fraud prosecutions. In 2025 the SEC pursued licence revocations and criminal complaints against unlicensed operators, blocked five offshore exchanges… Full module →

The most significant recent payments-adjacent legal development is the 2024 cheque-law reform (Law 41-2024) reshaping cheque issuance and clearing, provoking SME distress; a separate draft e-commerce regulation (bill n°42/2024) proposes sanctions and… Full module →

2025 AML/financial-crime crackdown on payment companies ahead of FATF on-site; Law No. 6493 Arts 27-40 enforcement framework; Competition Board PF/bank acquiring disputes.

Ugandan courts have shaped the payments regime through a landmark 2023 High Court ruling upholding BoU's 2022 crypto-transaction ban as a legitimate exercise of NPSA authority, and a growing body of digital-fraud liability case law (Gabigogo, Egesa, Atiku… Full module →

The NBU's Article 73 enforcement toolkit (warnings, restrictions, curatorship, licence revocation) has been actively used against major PSPs in 2025-2026, including record fines against payment-terminal networks EasyPay and City24 and multiple actions against… Full module →

Payments-sector legal action in the UAE is dominated by CBUAE administrative/financial enforcement rather than private litigation. In 2025 the CBUAE ran one of its most aggressive AML/CFT enforcement campaigns, with cumulative fines reported in the hundreds… Full module →

The defining UK payments litigation is the long-running Mastercard/Visa interchange-fee saga before the Competition Appeal Tribunal (CAT). On 27 June 2025 the CAT held in Trial 1 of the Umbrella Interchange Proceedings (c.2,100 merchant claimants) that… Full module →

The defining US payments litigation is the ~20-year Payment Card Interchange Fee and Merchant Discount Antitrust Litigation (MDL 1720) over Visa/Mastercard swipe fees. A revised ~$38bn settlement announced November 10, 2025 (cutting posted credit interchange… Full module →

Alabama's payments-specific legal infrastructure is primarily the Monetary Transmission Act's enforcement toolkit (cease-and-desist, consent orders, restitution, civil and criminal penalties) rather than a body of appellate payments case law. No dedicated… Full module →

DBS has been an active enforcer against crypto-exposed money transmitters: it denied Coinme Inc.'s 2026 license renewal (Dec 2025) over trust-fund/collateralization failures, and denied BAM Trading Services (Binance.US) a 2024 renewal. Separately, DBS's… Full module →

Arizona features in significant federal payments litigation, including a CFPB enforcement suit filed in Arizona federal court against a peer-to-peer payment network and its owner banks over alleged fraud-safeguard failures, and a live federal-state… Full module →

Arkansas payments-related litigation and enforcement centers on the Arkansas Securities Department's direct money-transmitter enforcement authority (cease-and-desist actions) and the Attorney General's active Deceptive Trade Practices Act docket, which… Full module →

Payments litigation and enforcement affecting California spans state DFAL/CCFPL enforcement, federal open-banking litigation, and federal-access litigation. The DFPI brought its first DFAL enforcement action (Coinme, 2025) and ordered Bitcoin-ATM operators to… Full module →

The dominant live payments/consumer-credit litigation in Colorado is NAIB et al. v. Weiser, the fintech-industry challenge to the state's 2024 DIDMCA opt-out interest-rate-cap law. After the district court granted a preliminary injunction against Colorado in… Full module →

The Department of Banking actively enforces money transmission and consumer-credit law via consent orders and administrative proceedings, with recent (2025-2026) actions against unlicensed small-loan lending and virtual-currency-kiosk fee/limit violations… Full module →

Delaware's payments-legal infrastructure runs through both the Court of Chancery (exclusive jurisdiction over credit card institution license revocations and the state's broader corporate-governance docket, recently reshaped by SB21's "controlling… Full module →

DC's OAG has become an active payments/fintech litigator, pursuing both digital-asset kiosk operators (Athena Bitcoin) and earned-wage-access providers (EarnIn) under the CPPA and MTA, building on the foundational Harmon crypto-money-transmission precedent… Full module →

Florida payments litigation and enforcement activity spans OFR administrative fines for unlicensed money transmission, a landmark OFR declaratory ruling narrowing federal-exemption arguments, Edge Act correspondent-banking litigation touching a Miami-based… Full module →

DBF actively enforces money transmission licensure and BSA/AML-adjacent obligations, exemplified by the November 2025 revocation of Fortress Trust's license and a January 2026 cease-and-desist against an unlicensed virtual-currency kiosk operator. Separately… Full module →

Hawaii payments litigation activity centers on DFI's formal enforcement toolkit (cease-and-desist, consent orders, civil/criminal penalties under HRS 489D) and on the general HRS 480 Unfair or Deceptive Acts or Practices statute, which has generated Ninth… Full module →

Idaho's litigation/enforcement register centres on the federal Fed master-account discretion precedent, DoF administrative MTL denials, and the 2026 veto of bipartisan crypto-kiosk fraud legislation.

Illinois payments-adjacent litigation is dominated by two live fronts: the Biometric Information Privacy Act (BIPA) class-action wave, now reshaped by a 2024 damages-cap amendment applied retroactively by the Seventh Circuit in April 2026, and the ongoing… Full module →

Multistate AG enforcement (Google Play, Blackbaud, Marriott) dominates; no Indiana-specific payments ruling identified.

Most material live Iowa payments litigation is Hiscox Insurance Co. v. Dwolla, Inc. ($6.8M coverage dispute); a second development is the 2026 OCC preemption ruling challenging IDOB's supervisory authority.

Kansas's payments litigation and enforcement landscape is anchored by the CardX v. Schmidt First Amendment ruling that dismantled the state's surcharge ban, a $20 million FDIC BSA/AML penalty against a Kansas-domiciled correspondent bank (whose challenge to… Full module →

Kentucky's most significant payments litigation history centers on Republic Bank & Trust's FDIC enforcement over RAL tax-preparer conduct and renewed 2023 rent-a-bank advocacy pressure. Separately, the September 2025 Linney's Pizza v. Federal Reserve ruling… Full module →

Louisiana payments-adjacent litigation runs chiefly through LUTPA's private right of action and Attorney General enforcement track, supplemented by federal consumer class actions reaching Louisiana account-holders (e.g., the Capital One 360 Savings… Full module →

Maine payments litigation/enforcement centers on BCCP consent-order practice against unlicensed/non-compliant transmitters and processors, backstopped by the Attorney General's UTPA authority.

Maryland's litigation/enforcement track record centers on OFR administrative enforcement (CashCall, Cash-N-Go) and multistate BSA/AML action against Block/Cash App.

The Massachusetts Attorney General's Office ("the People's Law Firm") is the active payments-litigation and enforcement venue in-state, most notably a February 2026 deceptive-practices suit against Bitcoin Depot's kiosk network and a track record of civil… Full module →

Michigan is at the center of the national prediction-markets legal battle: the AG sued Kalshi (March 2026) alleging unlicensed sports betting, while Polymarket, Robinhood, and Coinbase filed federal preemption suits. A federal judge denied Polymarket's and… Full module →

Minnesota's dominant payments-adjacent legal exposure in 2025-2026 is the sprawling federal fraud/money-laundering prosecution of state-run, federally funded social-services programs (Feeding Our Future, Housing Stabilization Services, EIDBI autism benefit)… Full module →

Mississippi payments-adjacent litigation centers on consumer-protection/usury enforcement under the Mississippi Consumer Protection Act and on multistate tribal-lending/payday settlements affecting Mississippi borrowers; the DBCF Commissioner holds… Full module →

MMPA is the general private-right-of-action/AG-enforcement vehicle, layered with dedicated elder-exploitation civil and criminal statutes.

Legal/enforcement activity concentrated in State Auditor crypto-fraud prosecutions and DBFI's enforcement register; complaints grew sharply through 2024-2025.

NDBF's enforcement posture centres on coordinated multistate BSA/AML actions rather than solo state litigation: it joined a six-state $4.2 million settlement against Wise US Inc. (Jan 2025) and an $80 million multistate settlement against Block Inc./Cash App… Full module →

The landmark NV payments litigation event is the Prime Trust receivership/Chapter 11 (2023); historical precedent includes a 2010 Global Cash Access securities settlement.

The NH Banking Department has issued consent orders against non-bank processors for unlicensed transmission (RAM Payment, Feb 2026) and a Bitcoin-ATM operator (River Financial, Dec 2025); RSA 358-A provides a private right of action with treble damages… Full module →

The dominant litigation event is TD Bank's guilty plea and record penalty in federal court in Newark for BSA/money-laundering conspiracy violations, alongside an expanding state CFA enforcement posture.

Active three-way federal-state jurisdictional conflict: NM sued Kalshi (2026-06-04); CFTC/DOJ sued NM (2026-06-12); Polymarket sued NM (2026-06-30), all over prediction-market/gaming-law preemption.

NYDFS is an aggressive payments/crypto enforcer. Under Superintendent Harris the Department levied over $177 million in penalties against virtual currency companies (as of May 2024) and has issued at least 11 cybersecurity consent orders since 2022. Landmark… Full module →

NC payments-adjacent litigation/enforcement runs via NCCOB's public enforcement register and the state's UDTPA; no landmark payments-specific court ruling identified.

The dominant payments-legal event centered on North Dakota is Corner Post, Inc. v. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, in which a Bismarck federal judge vacated Regulation II's debit-interchange framework nationwide (stayed on appeal) after a… Full module →

Ohio's principal payments-adjacent legal enforcement instrument is the DFI's administrative enforcement toolkit (ORC 1315.15/.151/.152/.153) rather than court litigation; the clearest applied example is the 2022-23 consent order against an unlicensed… Full module →

The most significant recent payments-adjacent enforcement action in Oklahoma is the OCC's 2023-2025 consent order against Tulsa's Vast Bank over crypto-custody and safety-and-soundness deficiencies. Separately, Oklahoma-affiliated tribal entities have been… Full module →

The dominant live payments/digital-asset litigation in Oregon is Attorney General Dan Rayfield's April 2025 securities-law enforcement action against Coinbase, filed after the SEC dropped its parallel federal case, alleging Coinbase facilitated sale of… Full module →

Pennsylvania's payments-adjacent litigation and enforcement landscape is dominated by the state Unfair Trade Practices and Consumer Protection Law (UTPCPL), which the Attorney General's Bureau of Consumer Protection and a dedicated Consumer Financial… Full module →

The dominant live payments-adjacent litigation in Rhode Island as of mid-2026 is the multi-front dispute over prediction markets: AG Neronha's state-court suits against Kalshi and Polymarket alleging unlicensed sports gambling, met by Kalshi's federal suit… Full module →

SC's payments-adjacent enforcement activity centers on the AG's multistate coordination role, notably the 47-state $80M BSA/AML settlement with Block Inc. (Cash App), alongside historical CashCall/Western Sky consumer-lending settlements.

South Dakota's payments-adjacent legal landscape is anchored by the landmark 2018 US Supreme Court decision South Dakota v. Wayfair, which originated from South Dakota legislation and reshaped remote-seller payment/tax-collection obligations nationally… Full module →

The dominant live payments litigation in Tennessee is the Financial Technology Association's state-court suit against the new international money-transfer tax, alleging a dormant Commerce Clause violation. TDFI maintains a standing enforcement-actions… Full module →

Texas maintains an unusually active state-level digital-asset/payments enforcement posture, spearheaded by the Texas State Securities Board (70+ administrative orders against crypto firms) and Attorney General litigation both defending state digital-asset… Full module →

Utah-chartered banks sit at the centre of the national 'true lender'/rent-a-bank litigation and enforcement wave, with multiple state-AG actions and private suits testing whether Utah banks or their nonbank fintech partners are the true lender for usury… Full module →

DFR resolves unlicensed money-transmission cases via stipulation-and-consent orders (Uphold HQ, CSG Forte, Internet Escrow Services); VCPA provides a treble-damages private right of action.

Virginia's Attorney General maintains an active payments/fintech-adjacent enforcement posture through multistate consumer-protection settlements (notably the ACI Worldwide/Speedpay ACH-error settlement and its long-running Predatory Lending Unit actions) and… Full module →

DFI has been an active enforcer against non-compliant money transmitters, with two major virtual-currency-kiosk/MSB enforcement actions resolved late 2025/early 2026 (Coinme, CoinZoom) and a January 2025 multistate $80m BSA/AML settlement with Block… Full module →

No landmark WV-specific payments litigation or enforcement case was identified in this baseline sweep; WV's payments enforcement architecture is entirely administrative (Commissioner cease-and-desist/consent-order/revocation powers under Ch. 32A), operating… Full module →

Milwaukee-based Fiserv is the epicentre of Wisconsin payments litigation: consolidated securities class actions and a Clover merchant-fee class action.

The dominant Wyoming-nexus payments litigation is Custodia Bank, Inc. v. Federal Reserve Board of Governors and Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, running since 2022 in the U.S. District Court for the District of Wyoming and the Tenth Circuit. The Tenth… Full module →

Enforcement activity centres on BCU/SSF administrative sanctions against regulated entities, most notably a January 2025 AML fine against Banco Bandes Uruguay, set against a broader structural critique that Uruguay's AML enforcement pipeline converts few… Full module →

Two landmark payments-adjacent legal episodes anchor the litigation picture: the 2018 state seizure of Banesco, and the PDVSA-Cripto corruption trial that formally opened in April 2026 implicating the former SUNACRIP superintendent and dozens of officials… Full module →

Enforcement is administrative-penalty-led. Decree 340/2025 (in force 9 Feb 2026) raises fines for unlicensed/IPS/FX violations; SBV proposed VND 150-250m penalties for account/card/wallet trading; 86m accounts deactivated for non-completion of biometric… Full module →

Payments-legal infrastructure defined by BoZ Act 2022 penalty powers rather than developed litigation; parliamentary scrutiny flagged NPS Bill 2025/Corporate Insolvency Act overlap; civil society criticised Cyber Security Agency oversight.